JPMorgan, Bank of America, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo are building a blockchain-based network to stop corporate money from leaving traditional banks. At the same time, Stripe, Visa, and Mastercard are building a competing system to move that same money through private digital dollars instead. Coinbase sits in the middle of both, with a contract renewal in August 2026 that could shift the balance.

A soundness vulnerability in Zcash's Orchard shielded pool theoretically allowed double-spending and silent supply inflation. The fix required two coordinated protocol upgrades executed within five days, with no exploitation confirmed and total ZEC supply intact throughout.

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